Neanderthals bred with our human ancestors 100,000 years earlier than previously thought, according to a new study. Experts have discovered that a five–year–old child who lived 140,000 years ago had parents from both species. Their fossil – likely a female – was first unearthed 90 years ago in the Skhul Cave on Mount Carmel in what is now northern Israel. A team from Tel Aviv University and the French Centre for Scientific Research conducted a series of advanced tests on the remaining bones, including a CT scan of the skull. 'Genetic studies over the past decade have shown that these two groups exchanged genes,' said lead author Professor Israel Hershkovitz.

Generative AI models have substantially improved the realism of synthetic media, yet their misuse through sophisticated DeepFakes poses significant risks. Despite recent advances in deepfake detection, fairness remains inadequately addressed, enabling deepfake markers to exploit biases against specific populations. While previous studies have emphasized group-level fairness, individual fairness (i.e., ensuring similar predictions for similar individuals) remains largely unexplored. In this work, we identify for the first time that the original principle of individual fairness fundamentally fails in the context of deepfake detection, revealing a critical gap previously unexplored in the literature. To mitigate it, we propose the first generalizable framework that can be integrated into existing deepfake detectors to enhance individual fairness and generalization. Extensive experiments conducted on leading deepfake datasets demonstrate that our approach significantly improves individual fairness while maintaining robust detection performance, outperforming state-of-the-art methods. The code is available at https://github.com/Purdue-M2/Individual-Fairness-Deepfake-Detection.

Ensuring the accuracy of responses provided by large language models (LLMs) is crucial, particularly in clinical settings where incorrect information may directly impact patient health. To address this challenge, we construct K-QA, a dataset containing 1,212 patient questions originating from real-world conversations held on K Health (an AI-driven clinical platform). We employ a panel of in-house physicians to answer and manually decompose a subset of K-QA into self-contained statements. Additionally, we formulate two NLI-based evaluation metrics approximating recall and precision: (1) comprehensiveness, measuring the percentage of essential clinical information in the generated answer and (2) hallucination rate, measuring the number of statements from the physician-curated response contradicted by the LLM answer. Finally, we use K-QA along with these metrics to evaluate several state-of-the-art models, as well as the effect of in-context learning and medically-oriented augmented retrieval schemes developed by the authors. Our findings indicate that in-context learning improves the comprehensiveness of the models, and augmented retrieval is effective in reducing hallucinations. We make K-QA available to to the community to spur research into medically accurate NLP applications.

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to gain traction in the modern-day world, they ultimately pose an immediate threat to current cybersecurity systems via exploitative methods. Prompt engineering is a relatively new field that explores various prompt designs that can hijack large language models (LLMs). If used by an unethical attacker, it can enable an AI system to offer malicious insights and code to them. In this paper, an enhanced intrusion detection system (IDS) that utilizes machine learning (ML) and hyperparameter tuning is explored, which can improve a model's performance in terms of accuracy and efficacy. Ultimately, this improved system can be used to combat the attacks made by unethical hackers. A standard IDS is solely configured with pre-configured rules and patterns; however, with the utilization of machine learning, implicit and different patterns can be generated through the models' hyperparameter settings and parameters. In addition, the IDS will be equipped with multiple datasets so that the accuracy of the models improves. We evaluate the performance of multiple ML models and their respective hyperparameter settings through various metrics to compare their results to other models and past research work. The results of the proposed multi-dataset integration method yielded an accuracy score of 99.9% when equipped with the XGBoost and random forest classifiers and RandomizedSearchCV hyperparameter technique.

With the steady advances in autonomous driving, advanced safety features using one or more sensors are highly desirable. In order to avoid collisions and unintended breaking maneuvers, it is crucial to detect potential road obstacles accurately. Although camera and LiDAR-based object detection have been studied in the literature [1, 2], it's only recently that interest in radar-based object detection using ML methods has begun, primarily because of its low cost, long-range detection capability, and robustness to poor weather conditions. Traditionally, automotive radar-based object detection is performed through peak detection using simple local thresholding methods such as the Constant False-Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm [3]. With the breakthroughs of ML in numerous applications [4, 5, 6, 7], radar-based object perception using ML has attracted attention [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13].

This is an integrative review that address the question, "What makes for a good explanation?" with reference to AI systems. Pertinent literatures are vast. Thus, this review is necessarily selective. That said, most of the key concepts and issues are expressed in this Report. The Report encapsulates the history of computer science efforts to create systems that explain and instruct (intelligent tutoring systems and expert systems). The Report expresses the explainability issues and challenges in modern AI, and presents capsule views of the leading psychological theories of explanation. Certain articles stand out by virtue of their particular relevance to XAI, and their methods, results, and key points are highlighted. It is recommended that AI/XAI researchers be encouraged to include in their research reports fuller details on their empirical or experimental methods, in the fashion of experimental psychology research reports: details on Participants, Instructions, Procedures, Tasks, Dependent Variables (operational definitions of the measures and metrics), Independent Variables (conditions), and Control Conditions.

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is an enhanced Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that has gained significant attention in recent years. It solved the vanishing and exploding gradient problems that a standard RNN has and was successfully applied to a variety of time-series forecasting problems. In power systems, distribution feeder long-term load forecast is a critical task many electric utility companies perform on an annual basis. The goal of this task is to forecast the load change on existing distribution feeders for the next few years. The forecasted results will be used as input in long-term system planning studies to determine necessary system upgrades so that the distribution system can continue to operate reliably during normal operation and contingences. This research proposed a comprehensive hybrid model based on LSTM neural network for this classic and important forecasting task. It is not only able to combine the advantages of top-down and bottom-up forecasting models but also able to leverage the time-series characteristics of multi-year data. This paper firstly explains the concept of LSTM neural network and then discusses the steps of feature selection, feature engineering and model establishment in detail. In the end, a real-world application example for a large urban grid in West Canada is provided. The results are compared to other models such as bottom-up, ARIMA and ANN. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance and great practicality for forecasting long-term peak demand for distribution feeders.

Most companies stick with their ERP system longer than people stay with their first spouse, which statistics estimate to be about eight years. Given the commitment involved, a move to an ERP cloud platform needs to be carefully planned, based not only on what your company needs today, but on a vision for the future. Brian Sommer, founder of technology advisory firm TechVentive in Carmel, Ind., pulls no punches when he talks about the problems with traditional ERP vendors' cloud offerings. He urges his clients to rethink their use of legacy ERP vendors because modern adaptations born in the cloud integrate AI and IoT capabilities and provide what businesses will need to compete in the years ahead. "Companies need to kick the tires on new vendors and think about how their competitors will use new technologies against their firm," he said.

CARMEL, Ind., March 19, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- TradeRev, a digital platform that facilitates live, dealer-to-dealer vehicle auctions, announced they will unveil H, the company's newest suite of artificial intelligence capabilities at next week's National Auto Dealers Association (NADA) Show 2018 in Las Vegas. TradeRev is a business unit of global remarketing and technology solutions provider KAR Auction Services, Inc. (NYSE:KAR). H leverages data and technology from across the KAR platform and uses TradeRev's machine learning and proprietary algorithms to deliver clear, easy, actionable intelligence to dealers. At NADA, TradeRev will demo H's AI-driven automated condition report visualization tool and several recently released data and predictive analytics capabilities.

Cost-optimal planning (COP) uses action costs and asks for a minimum-cost plan. It is sometimes assumed that there is no harm in using actions with zero cost or rational cost. Classical complexity analysis does not contradict this assumption; planning is PSPACE-complete regardless of whether action costs are positive or non-negative, integer or rational. We thus apply parameterised complexity analysis to shed more light on this issue. Our main results are the following. COP is [W2]-complete for positive integer costs, i.e. it is no harder than finding a minimum-length plan, but it is paraNP-hard if the costs are non-negative integers or positive rationals. This is a very strong indication that the latter cases are substantially harder. Net-benefit planning (NBP) additionally assigns goal utilities and asks for a plan with maximum difference between its utility and its cost. NBP is paraNP-hard even when action costs and utilities are positive integers, suggesting that it is harder than COP. In addition, we also analyse a large number of subclasses, using both the PUBS restrictions and restricting the number of preconditions and effects.